NANOTEKNOLOJİK YÖNTEMLERLE ÜRETİLEN GIDALAR VE HELAL UYGUNLUK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

In the global food industry, the demand for halal-certified products is rapidly increasing, driven by religious sensitivities as well as the search for healthy and ethical food. In Islamic law, food consumption must not only avoid prohibitions (haram) but also meet the highest standards of safety, quality, and hygiene according to the "Halalan-Tayyiban" (halal and pure) principle. In this context, nanotechnology offers revolutionary advantages in enhancing the nutritional value of foods, nano-encapsulation of bioactive components, and active/smart packaging systems. However, the potential cytotoxicity risks of nanomaterials and the origin of stabilizers used in production (such as pork-derived proteins) create serious ethical dilemmas and health concerns regarding the "tayyib" (pure/pure) element in halal assessment. Furthermore, sensor-based technologies and molecular detection methods play a critical role in the post-production inspection of food, food supplements, and packaging produced using nanotechnology methods. Olfactometric devices such as "e-nose" (electronic nose) can rapidly distinguish the characteristic volatile organic compounds of haram ingredients like lard. Furthermore, gold nanoparticle-based biosensors and nano-bioprops can detect even fragmented DNA sequences in processed foods with high sensitivity. While alternative sources are gaining importance in determining the halal status of animal-derived intermediates such as gelatin, advanced techniques such as nano UPLC-MS/MS can detect "marker peptides," enabling 100% accuracy in distinguishing between pork and beef. In conclusion, nanotechnology enhances efficiency in halal food production, while tools such as e-noses and nanobiosensors ensure the prevention of food fraud and monitoring compliance with religious requirements. This study aims to evaluate the halal suitability of raw materials used in the production of food, food supplements, and packaging materials, as well as those produced using nanotechnological methods, and to assess molecular detection methods.