Sustainability Research in Organic Waste: Current Approaches

Abstract

The rapid increase in global population, urbanization, and industrialization has led to a significant rise in organic waste generation, posing serious environmental, economic, and social challenges. Sustainable management of organic waste has therefore become a critical area of research, integrating principles from environmental science, biotechnology, circular economy, and resource recovery. This study provides a comprehensive and updated analysis of current approaches in organic waste sustainability research, focusing on waste valorization, technological innovations, policy frameworks, and environmental impacts. Emphasis is placed on biological and thermochemical treatment methods, circular economy strategies, and emerging technologies such as biorefineries and digital waste management systems. The review also critically evaluates the limitations of existing approaches and outlines future directions for achieving sustainable organic waste management.